you had kind of seismic changes that were taking place before, and now what you're having are margina margin marginal, incremental, and they're not going to have as much impact on gdp and people's lives and their income. >> i believe they are exactly wrong. that is that the opposite is true in a very, very big way. the digital revolution is just at the beginning. how much as it affected education? not much for the individual learner. how much has it allowed science, to make scenes in this magical way. how much has it let us come up with new materials, new catalysts which we need for these energy breakthroughs? all of this stuff is really happening right now. and although each of these individual things are high risk, you can't say, this guy and this place, but because there are four times as many of those energy innovators, there are 20 times more education innovators, there are, you know, more i.q. on important vaccines and getting them to be cheap, i see that we're going to surprise ourselves, just like the great work that was done in the '80s, is what led to diffusion of technology